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To establish the correlates of HIV infection, we used logistic regression models taking into account the dependence of observations resultant from the recruitment chains. The analysis included socio-demographic sex work characteristics, sexual behavior, history of violence, alcohol and drug use, utilization of health services, and occurrence of other sexually transmitted infections STIs. HIV prevalence was estimated as 5. Regarding socio-demographic and sex work characteristics, low educational level, street as the main work venue, low price per sexual encounter, and longer exposure time as a sex worker were found to be associated with HIV infection, even after controlling for the homophily effect.
The main factors associated with HIV infection identified in our study characterize a specific type of street-based sex work in Brazil and provided valuable information for developing interventions.
However, there is a further need of addressing social and contextual factors, including illicit drug use, violence, exploitation, as well as stigma and discrimination, which can influence sexual behavior.
Since the beginning of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome AIDS epidemic, female sex workers FSWs have been nationally and internationally recognized as a population at high risk for acquiring human immunodeficiency virus HIV infection. FSWs are considered a high-risk group for acquiring HIV infection [ 3 , 17 ] due to their social vulnerability and factors associated with their work such as multiple sex partners, inconsistent condom use, or coinfection with other sexually transmitted infections STIs.
Based on improvements in data analysis techniques, [ 39 ] the aim of this study was to identify factors associated with HIV infection using logistic regression models. The sample size was set at FSW in each city.